JLPT N5 Adjective Forms & Grammar

Master all 18 essential adjective forms and conjugation patterns for JLPT N5. Learn i-adjective and na-adjective patterns with practical examples and usage contexts.

๐Ÿ”ค
i-Adjective Forms (ใ„ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉž)
4 forms
i-Adjective + ใงใ™

Example:

ใ“ใฎๆœฌใฏ้ข็™ฝใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใปใ‚“ใฏใŠใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
kono hon wa omoshiroi desu.

Translation & Usage:

This book is interesting.
Usage: Basic predicate form (polite)
i-Adjective + ใใชใ„ + ใงใ™

Example:

ใ“ใฎๆœฌใฏ้ข็™ฝใใชใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใปใ‚“ใฏใŠใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใใชใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
kono hon wa omoshirokunai desu.

Translation & Usage:

This book is not interesting.
Usage: Negative present form
i-Adjective + ใ‹ใฃใŸ + ใงใ™

Example:

ใ“ใฎๆœฌใฏ้ข็™ฝใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใปใ‚“ใฏใŠใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™ใ€‚
kono hon wa omoshirokatta desu.

Translation & Usage:

This book was interesting.
Usage: Past tense form
i-Adjective + ใใชใ‹ใฃใŸ + ใงใ™

Example:

ใ“ใฎๆœฌใฏ้ข็™ฝใใชใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใปใ‚“ใฏใŠใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใใชใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™ใ€‚
kono hon wa omoshirokunakatta desu.

Translation & Usage:

This book was not interesting.
Usage: Negative past form
๐Ÿ”—
i-Adjective Modifying Forms
4 forms
i-Adjective + NOUN

Example:

ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้ข็™ฝใ„ๆœฌใงใ™ใ€‚
ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏใŠใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใ„ใปใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€‚
kore wa omoshiroi hon desu.

Translation & Usage:

This is an interesting book.
Usage: Directly modifying nouns
i-Adjective + ใฎ

Example:

่ตคใ„ใฎใฏใ„ใใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
ใ‚ใ‹ใ„ใฎใฏใ„ใใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
akai no wa ikura desuka?

Translation & Usage:

How much is the red one?
Usage: Nominalizing adjectives
i-Adjective + ใใฆ

Example:

ใ“ใฎๆœฌใฏๅŽšใใฆ้ข็™ฝใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใปใ‚“ใฏใ‚ใคใใฆใŠใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
kono hon wa atsukute omoshiroi desu.

Translation & Usage:

This book is thick and interesting.
Usage: Connecting multiple adjectives
i-Adjective + ใ + Verb

Example:

ๅ‹้”ใจๆฅฝใ—ใ้Šใณใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
ใจใ‚‚ใ ใกใจใŸใฎใ—ใใ‚ใใณใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
tomodachi to tanoshiku asobimashita.

Translation & Usage:

I played joyfully with my friend.
Usage: Adverbial form modifying verbs
๐Ÿท๏ธ
na-Adjective Forms (ใชๅฝขๅฎน่ฉž)
4 forms
NOUN + na-adjective + ใงใ™

Example:

ใ“ใฎใ‚นใ‚ซใƒผใƒˆใฏใใ‚Œใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚นใ‚ซใƒผใƒˆใฏใใ‚Œใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
kono sukaato wa kirei desu.

Translation & Usage:

This skirt is beautiful.
Usage: Basic predicate form (polite)
NOUN + na-adjective + ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“

Example:

ใ“ใฎใ‚นใ‚ซใƒผใƒˆใฏใใ‚Œใ„ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚นใ‚ซใƒผใƒˆใฏใใ‚Œใ„ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
kono sukaato wa kirei dewa arimasen.

Translation & Usage:

This skirt is not beautiful.
Usage: Negative present form (formal)
NOUN + na-adjective + ใงใ—ใŸ

Example:

ใ“ใฎใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใฏใใ‚Œใ„ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใฏใใ‚Œใ„ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
kono resutoran wa kirei deshita.

Translation & Usage:

This restaurant was beautiful.
Usage: Past tense form
NOUN + na-adjective + ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ

Example:

ใ“ใฎใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใฏใใ‚Œใ„ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใฏใใ‚Œใ„ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
kono resutoran wa kirei dewa arimasen deshita.

Translation & Usage:

This restaurant was not beautiful.
Usage: Negative past form (formal)
๐Ÿ”—
na-Adjective Modifying Forms
4 forms
na-adjective + ใช + noun

Example:

ใ‚ใฎไบบใฏๅ…ƒๆฐ—ใชไบบใงใ™ใ€‚
ใ‚ใฎใฒใจใฏใ’ใ‚“ใใชใฒใจใงใ™ใ€‚
ano hito wa genki na hito desu.

Translation & Usage:

That person is a lively person.
Usage: Modifying nouns directly
na-adjective + ใฎ

Example:

ใใ‚Œใ„ใชใฎใ‚’่ฒทใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
ใใ‚Œใ„ใชใฎใ‚’ใ‹ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
kireina no o kaimashita.

Translation & Usage:

I bought the beautiful one.
Usage: Nominalizing adjectives
na-adjective + ใง

Example:

ใ‚ใฎไบบใฏๅ…ƒๆฐ—ใงๅ„ชใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
ใ‚ใฎใฒใจใฏใ’ใ‚“ใใงใ‚„ใ•ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
ano hito wa genki de yasashii desu.

Translation & Usage:

That person is lively and gentle.
Usage: Connecting multiple adjectives
na-adjective + ใซ + verb

Example:

ใ‚ใฎไบบใฏๆผขๅญ—ใ‚’ไธŠๆ‰‹ใซๆ›ธใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚
ใ‚ใฎใฒใจใฏใ‹ใ‚“ใ˜ใ‚’ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†ใšใซใ‹ใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚
ano hito wa kanji o jouzu ni kakemasu.

Translation & Usage:

That person can write kanji skillfully.
Usage: Adverbial form modifying verbs
๐Ÿ’ฌ
Casual na-Adjective Forms
2 forms
na-adjective + ใงใฏใชใ„

Example:

ใ“ใฎใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใฏใใ‚Œใ„ใงใฏใชใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใฏใใ‚Œใ„ใงใฏใชใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
kono resutoran wa kirei dewa nai desu.

Translation & Usage:

This restaurant is not beautiful.
Usage: Casual negative present
na-adjective + ใงใฏใชใ‹ใฃใŸ

Example:

ใ“ใฎใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใฏใใ‚Œใ„ใงใฏใชใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใฏใใ‚Œใ„ใงใฏใชใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™ใ€‚
kono resutoran wa kirei dewa nakatta desu.

Translation & Usage:

This restaurant was not beautiful.
Usage: Casual negative past
๐Ÿ“š Quick Conjugation Summary

i-Adjectives (ใ„ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉž)

Present:้ซ˜ใ„ (takai)
Negative:้ซ˜ใใชใ„
Past:้ซ˜ใ‹ใฃใŸ
Past Neg:้ซ˜ใใชใ‹ใฃใŸ

na-Adjectives (ใชๅฝขๅฎน่ฉž)

Present:ใใ‚Œใ„ใงใ™
Negative:ใใ‚Œใ„ใงใฏใชใ„
Past:ใใ‚Œใ„ใงใ—ใŸ
Past Neg:ใใ‚Œใ„ใงใฏใชใ‹ใฃใŸ
๐Ÿ’ก Usage Guidelines

Key Differences:

  • โ€ข i-adjectives: Conjugate by changing ใ„ ending
  • โ€ข na-adjectives: Use ใงใ™/ใ  copula forms
  • โ€ข i-adjectives directly modify nouns
  • โ€ข na-adjectives need ใช before nouns

Common Patterns:

  • โ€ข Connecting: ใใฆ (i-adj), ใง (na-adj)
  • โ€ข Adverbial: ใ (i-adj), ใซ (na-adj)
  • โ€ข Nominalizing: ใฎ for both types
  • โ€ข Past tense: ใ‹ใฃใŸ vs ใงใ—ใŸ
๐ŸŽฏ Study Strategies

Learning Order:

  1. Basic predicate forms
  2. Negative forms
  3. Past tense forms
  4. Modifying forms

Practice Methods:

  • โ€ข Drill conjugations daily
  • โ€ข Use in complete sentences
  • โ€ข Practice both types together
  • โ€ข Focus on common adjectives

Common Mistakes:

  • โ€ข Using wrong adjective type
  • โ€ข Forgetting ใช before nouns
  • โ€ข Incorrect past tense forms
  • โ€ข Mixing formal/casual levels